The custom and practice of withholding food from comatose terminal patients appears to have been in engineer for nearly 20 years (Weiser, 1983). In 1987, when New York officially regulated Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) orders by doctors, it turned out that advance-consent DNR orders had been de facto in hind end for years (McClung & Kamer, 1990). It was estimated in the early 1990s that some 70% of deaths in all modern hospitals were the result of conscious decisions to break medical treatment (Walters, 1992). Some form of assisted suicide was considered a commonplace of American health do by by the mid-1990s (Cotton, 1995). But the trends have not been all in unrivaled direction. Further, end-of-life law has not been unambiguous. The Patients' Self-Determination Act of 1990 specifically guarantees patients the mighty to refuse medical treatment and requires hospitals receiving
As a practical matter, nurses have more accountability than authority, and one way of resolving end-of-life obligations on nurses would be either to give them more authority or lessen their responsibility for patient welfargon and outcomes. Responsibility, however, is embedded in the ANA Code for Nurses, which provides, in part, that nurses act "to safeguard the client and the public when health care and safety are affected by the incompetent, unethical, or embezzled practice of every person," and that they "assume responsibility and accountability for singular nursing judgments and actions." The ANA Code declares that nurses are to "collaborate" with the other health-care providers (ANA, 1997).
And it mustiness be noted that the ANA considers its code nonnegotiable (Nonnegotiable, 2001).
Greve, P.J.D. (1994, Feb.). Has the PSDA made a unlikeness? RN, 57, 59-62.
Weiser, B. (1983, Nov. 2). 2 doctors take controversial stand on cater those near death. The Washington Post, A3.
American Nurses Association Code for Nurses with interpretive statements. (1997). Kansas City, Mo.: American Nurses' Association. Retrieved from the World Wide Web 20 folk 2001, at http://www.sc.edu/nursing/hbkcode.htm.
Currently the ANA Code does not provide nurses with an advocacy option with respect to end-of-life issues; the supporting spot of nurses appears to be the only concept that the code endorses. That means end-of-life issues are in suspension, remain unresolved, or subject to the varying demands of health-care-team leaders. For all of these reasons, legalizing assisted suicide in an unambiguous way would seem to have the benefit of lending protection to nurses in a context muddled by different priorities of the law, morality, and philosophical differences inwardly the health-care community. Legalizing assisted suicide might not give nurses any more authority in an institutional setting, but repair to law might relieve them of some of the responsibility that is unnecessaril
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